A systematic review and meta-analysis published on 15 June 2026 in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases pooled nine studies (2015–2025) of Ae. aegypti in Nigeria. Pooled mortality was low for pyrethroids and DDT, variable for carbamates, and higher for organophosphates.
Main points
- The team at Bayero University Kano and Ahmadu Bello University Zaria followed PRISMA 2020. The protocol is on the Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/CTUH8). The search found 130 records, removed 45 duplicates, and included 9 studies.
- Pooled mortality: pyrethroids 75.6% (95% CI 40.5–93.4), DDT 28.0% (6.6–68.3), carbamates 91.1% (22.6–99.7), organophosphates 98.3% (96.8–99.1). The paper says the pyrethroid and DDT figures sit below the WHO 90% susceptibility threshold in the assays those studies used.
- The summary says carbamate susceptibility was full in Abia and resistance was present in Kogi. Organophosphates had the highest pooled mortality, but the paper records emerging resistance in several states. Mechanisms cited include frequent kdr mutation F1534C and elevated detoxification enzymes.
- Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis 20(6): e0014421. DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0014421. No specific funding. The paper has no Vietnam figures.
VPMA’s note
The same mosquito species can be resistant to one chemical class and still susceptible to another, and results differ between states. Do not use the Nigeria figures to describe susceptibility in Vietnam.
- Source
- PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Published
- 15 June 2026
- Section
- Research · Chemicals, Insects
- Journal
- PLoS Negl Trop Dis 20(6): e0014421
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pntd.0014421
Editorial note: This is a short summary and comment by VPMA, not a full copy. The original text and copyright belong to the source cited. The illustration is symbolic and is not a photograph of the event.
Source: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (summarised in English by VPMA). Read the Vietnamese page.